When designing buildings and structures, special attention is paid to their division into / sections, which allows to effectively stop the spread of fire, smoke, location in one place, preventing entry to adjacent rooms. A huge role is played by doors / hatches filled in technological structures / openings with smoke windows for similar purposes, which have a fire resistance limit standardized over time. (smoke vents, windows, fire hatches )
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In order to prevent open fire and smoke from passing through these small openings, openings/gaps in the fire, smoke partitions, they are closed over the entire thickness of the building structure, tightly filled, non-flammable plastic pipes are used, often used for the installation of modern water supply/sewage systems, which generally solves the problem.
The main purpose of the installation of smoke extraction systems is to protect all ventilation networks of buildings / structures at the intersection of fire barriers, as well as operational management, control of the removal of toxic residues of hot gas, suspended solids / aerosols.
In rooms equipped with gas or powder-aerosol AUDT systems, where the air ducts of the serving air handling units intersect, it is necessary to install devices with a fire resistance limit of at least EI 15.
People and organizations are constantly taking steps to reduce the risk of fire. But prevention is not always effective enough, otherwise the need for emergency services would not be so great. Meanwhile, their units are in a hurry to face the challenge, it is necessary to reduce the intensity of flame spread, and solving this problem is impossible without fire dampers for ventilation.
For any type of technical system related to fire safety, it is very important to strictly adhere to rules and standards – even stricter than for “ordinary” things. All major technical standards are designed to ensure that the ventilation system remains free of gaseous and solid combustible products for longer. It is important that the fire-resistant joinery used in the project also meets all standards related to fire safety.
This is related to another important task that the creators of fireproof complexes solve – how to increase the resistance of products to strong heating. Therefore, special attention is paid to the selection of materials and the verification of their thermophysical properties. The time of maintaining the properties at a certain temperature has also been officially established.
Regulations on fire dampers
Fire dampers are special devices that are designed to prevent fire from spreading through openings in walls or other partitions. Regulations for fire dampers can vary by country and region, but generally speaking, these requirements include:
Standards and norms: Fire dampers must comply with the relevant standards and norms that specify the requirements for materials, construction, installation and testing.
Construction requirements: Fire dampers must be made of materials with high fire resistance, such as steel or ceramic. The structure must also be strong enough to resist the fire and prevent it from spreading to other rooms.
Testing: must be tested and certified by independent organizations to confirm that they meet specific fire resistance and leak tightness requirements.
Installation and maintenance: they must be properly fitted and regularly maintained to function as required. Installation must be carried out by a qualified team and maintenance should be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Labelling: they must be labelled to indicate their purpose and compliance with norms and standards. The signage should be legible and easy to identify.
Building regulations: they must comply with the building regulations of the country or region, which specify the requirements for fire protection in buildings.
Types of fire ventilation systems
There are three basic types of fire ventilation:
- Natural ventilation – is based on using natural differences in temperature and pressure to exchange air between the room and the outside. In the event of a fire, natural ventilation helps to remove smoke and gas from the room.
- Mechanical ventilation – uses mechanical devices such as fans and air conditioners to exchange air between the room and the environment. Mechanical ventilation is more effective than natural ventilation because it allows smoke and gases to be removed from the room more quickly.
- Hybrid ventilation – combines elements of natural and mechanical ventilation to ensure optimal performance. Hybrid ventilation uses natural temperature and pressure differences, but at the same time uses fans to speed up air exchange in the room.
Autor: Tomasz Matuszek; Dział Marketingu - Firma Gulajski